Essential Chemistry Standards & Correlations

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Standard	Description	Correlation Type
HS-PS1-8	Students develop radioactive decay models that describe* that alpha particle emission is a type of fission reaction, and that beta and gamma emission are not.	p. 610, ¶5 SB Content
HS-PS3-2	Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as a combination of energy associated with the motions of particles (objects) and energy associated with the relative position of particles (objects).
HS-PS3-2	Students develop models in which they identify and describe the relevant components, including: All the components of the system and the surroundings, as well as energy flows between the system and the surroundings	p. 102, ¶3 SB Content
HS-PS3-2	Students develop models in which they identify and describe the relevant components, including: Clearly depicting both a macroscopic and a molecular/atomic-level representation of the system;	p. 61, ¶1 SB Content
HS-PS3-2	Students develop models in which they identify and describe the relevant components, including: Depicting the forms in which energy is manifested at two different scales: Molecular/atomic, such as motions (kinetic energy) of particles (e.g., nuclei and electrons), the relative positions of particles in fields (potential energy), and energy in fields	p. 96, ¶1 SB Content
HS-PS3-2	Students use their models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as a combination of energy associated with the motions of particles/objects and energy associated with the relative positions of particles/objects on both the macroscopic and microscopic scales	p. 96, ¶6 SB Content
HS-PS3-4	Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics).
HS-PS3-4	Students develop an investigation plan and describe* the data that will be collected and the evidence to be derived from the data, including: The measurement of the reduction of temperature of the hot object and the increase in temperature of the cold object to show that the thermal energy lost by the hot object is equal to the thermal energy gained by the cold object and that the distribution of thermal energy is more uniform after the interaction of the hot and cold components;	p. 20, ¶1 SB Content
HS-PS3-4	Students develop an investigation plan and describe* the data that will be collected and the evidence to be derived from the data, including: The heat capacity of the components in the system (obtained from scientific literature).	p. 25, ¶3 SB Content
HS-PS3-4	In the investigation plan, students describe*: The data that will be collected, including masses of components and initial and final temperatures;	p. 20, ¶1 SB Content
HS-PS3-4	In the investigation plan, students describe*: The experimental procedure, including how the data will be collected, the number of trials, the experimental set up, and equipment required.	p. 20, ¶1 SB Content
HS-PS3-4	Students collect and record data that can be used to calculate the change in thermal energy of each of the two components of the system.	p. 20, ¶1 SB Content
Cross Cutting Concepts	Patterns Patterns are evident in the classifications on the periodic chart. Elements are classified by family, valence, electronegativity and metallic properties. Throughout Essential Chemistry calculations are approached using dimensional analysis. This approach uses a predictable and repeating pattern. Section and chapter review questions, lab work, and other assignments are designed to help students transition from recall to higher-level thinking. The questions were written to help students first organize information, then make connections between concepts. Cause and Effect: Mechanism and Prediction Scientific laws and Theories are used to make predictions about phenomenon. Students use Conservation laws, Charles’, Boyle’s, Ideal and Acid-Base definitions to determine unmeasured values. Guided simulations and lab activities give students the opportunity to witness cause-and-effect mechanisms on the visible scale as well as from the particle level perspective. These activities help students apply abstract concepts to new contexts and scenarios. Scale, Proportion, and Quantity Chemistry has an extreme range of scale. Atoms are incredibly small and to measure them there must be many present. Supporting assignments regularly ask students to think about how changing amounts of mass and energy on the particle level relates to the concept(s) currently under study. Proportion is evident in the use of balanced equations that are used with stoichiometric calculations throughout Essential Chemistry. Quantitative awareness in calculation and laboratory experiments is a theme throughout the text. Students may struggle with conceptualizing very large quantities, very small things, or how one measurement changes with respect to another. Essential Chemistry has many graphics, examples, analogies, and step-by-step solved problems to help students understand scale along with proportion and quantity. Systems and Systems Models Scientific Models are use make predictions about scientific phenomenon throughout Essential Chemistry. Examples are; the Kinetic Molecular Theory, the Valence Electron Shell Repulsion Theory and Quantum Mechanics. We have included visual diagrams to help students define a system and its boundary. Energy and Matter: Flows Cycles, and Conservation Conservation of energy is a large theme in Essential Chemistry. Energy is used as a unifying theme to explain, phase changes, entropy, and the energetics of chemical reactions. Visual diagrams help students think about and keep track of energy as it moves between a system and its surroundings. The concept of energy flow is applied across a variety of scales from the atomic level to biogeochemical cycles. Structure and Function Structure and function are illustrated by showing a molecules geometry effect its, polarity, solid structure, and boiling and freezing points. Atomic structure is used to explain charges on ions, reactivity, and periodic trends. Stability and Change Conservations and Energetics are united in Essential Chemistry show molecular stability. They are also shown to motivate chemical change through reactions. Our lab activities and other assignments often require students to measure the rate of change. Students are asked to think about the implications of change on the system under study.	N/A
Science & Engineering Practices	The six Science and Engineering Practices are addressed in through our labs that lead to four capstone projects that employ design-redesign, cost analysis and project presentation. Each project asks students to design a solution to an everyday problem. Students are in charge of planning investigations which always include data collection, analysis, and interpretation within a defined set of constraints. Students must defend their decisions and propose explanations for outcomes. The projects are: Design an Insulator (Chapter 4) Design an Air Bag (Chapter 8) Design a Water Purification Project (Chapter 13) Design a Voltaic Cell (Chapter 18)	N/A

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